Enhancement of Leaching Copper from Printed Circuit Boards of Discarded Mobile Phones Using Ultrasound–Ozone Integrated Approach

The recovery of metals from discarded mobile phones has been interest due to its environmental and economic benefits. This work presents a simple effective approach for leaching copper (Cu) the printed circuit boards by combining ultrasound ozone approaches. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used characterize solid phases, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was utilized determine concentration in liquid phases. effects several influential parameters, including ultrasound, dose, HCl concentration, liquid/solid ratio, temperature, reaction time on efficiency investigated. results showed that optimal conditions Cu included an dose 700 mg/h, 3.0 M, ratio 8, temperature 333 K. Under conditions, about 99% leached after 180 min. shrinking core model analyze kinetics process, surface chemical governs this process. activation energy reaction, calculated using Two-Point form Arrhenius equation, 10.852 kJ mol−1.